The Problem Of Computer Programming - 1926 Words

â€Å"Computer programming is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable, computer programs which involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, and generating algorithm, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation of algorithms†. This is what we used to memorize for exams back in Nepal I know you are surprised but that is the way education system works in Nepal that is also one of the main reason I am here in US Programming is great .There are rumors out there that it is really hard to learn but let me tell you everything every subject matter is hard in world unless you practice it so much that you don’t even have to think before solving or remembering it .your brain must Work automatically well this is form my experience I am not a professional programmer or something .I am still learning but even then I can teach a thing or two to beginners. Programming is very vast it includes many topics like debugging, looping, pixel, buffer, overflow and race condition and many others that you cannot even count it. There are also many language you can program in like Java, Python, Ruby, PHP , DOTNET etc. and many platform you can write it in like Notepad, NetBeans , Adobe Dream Waver, Eclipse and many more .every program you program must have following characteristic Reliability the results of a program must be correct. Robustness how well a programShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Computer Programming Education974 Words   |  4 Pagesinternational competitiveness. But since the start of the program in 2009, the importance of computer programming education is still being misunderstood and inadequately addressed. Though the administration has tried to get more technology into schools, it’s failed to teach kids what could really help them compete internationally which is coding. Computer programming is the driving force behind all forms of computer technology. Without programmers, these machines could be more innovative and capable thanRead MoreComputer Programming In Primary And Secondary Education.1114 Words   |  5 PagesComputer Programming in Primary and Secondary Education Dylan Baiko It is important for students to come out of grade school equipped with skills relevant to today’s society. Therefore, computer programming should be full integrated into school curriculum from kindergarten to grade 12. Today’s society is becoming more and more reliant on computer technology. It is a tool used everywhere and it is impotent to understand how it works in our daily lives. Therefore, computer programming is a necessaryRead MoreI Learned For My Programming Class848 Words   |  4 Pagesto prepared for my programming class First of all I have had no much computer programming skill from the past time except completed some short term programming courses and off course had some basic idea of python language programming system and sometime tested at list every language programming system. The very beginning and week 1 of my major course computer programming compositions classes, it is a big challenge part for me were and haw has to get all those programming component and requiredRead MoreJava Programming Unit 1 Learning Assignment1257 Words   |  6 Pagesjava programming unit 1 Learning Assignment, I had a chance to get back to the java programming, and I went though out some of the basic ideas of java programming designs, such top-down design, bottom-up design, pseudocode, and modularity from the reading assignment. Still need more understanding of java programming. I have tried all my best to understand from the reading, which is for the first and second lab that involves in the unit, program syntax that helps to use or to solve the problem thatRead MoreA Career as a Computer Programmer Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages Becoming a computer programmer would be great because there are many options in this career by having the ability to produce an operating system, or a game for the world. Computer programmers have many opportunities in life to find a job they would love. Programmers can work independently, or in a big company. Programmers have and are creating the future for computers. Computer programmers have a wide range on what they can do. Computer programmers write the detailed list of instructionsRead MoreBasic Principles Of Computer Architecture1569 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Introduction to Computer Architecture This chapter is dedicated to some basic principles of computing which were established almost a century ago, such as the Turing machine. A brief introduction to programming levels as well as their individual properties, pros and cons. Universal Computing device All computers are designed to store data and process it. Although there is a huge variety of computers which all use different hardware and software components the exact same things can be achievedRead MoreNotes On Computer Science Course1738 Words   |  7 Pages #1. Signed up for Code.org as DariaFedosova #2. Flappy Code Activity #3. Intro to Computer Science Course Stage 1. Introduction to Computer Science In this stage, I have watched an introductory video about computer science and what a computer scientist does in general. According to this video, computer science is a certain way to impact the world. This course will provide more information about computer science and why it is important to know. Stage 2. The Maze Here, I learned the basics aboutRead MoreThe Origins Of Computer Science1131 Words   |  5 PagesThe origins of computers date back to the mid 1900s. During the creation, the binary code of zeros and ones was formulated as a basic foundation of what computers can run off of. This code was used to communicate to a computer and manipulate it to assess whatever tasks need to be dealt with. As more of these problems arose, the communication between computers and humans became more complicated. Computers began growing more in fame and need. Computer engineers were faced with a problem as to how toRead MoreWhy Parallel Programming?952 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays, computers have incredible hardware futures, enabling problems to be resolved faster than before. According to Moore’s Law, the simplified version of this law states that processor speeds or overall processing power for computers will double every two years. Illustration of Moore’s Law 1970-2010 Manufactures were concerned how they could resolve the problem of the transistors over heating as more power generated would increase the temperature of the chips. To resolve the problem theRead MoreArtificial Intelligence And Science For Knowledge1639 Words   |  7 Pagesconcepts and methods of Artificial Intelligence which are: Knowledge-based systems, Neural networks, Genetic algorithms, Fuzzy logic, and Intelligent agents. In Knowledge-based systems, in order to solve a problem, the problem solver must have a substantial amount of knowledge prior to the problem (Rzevski 6). In the article â€Å"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering: Past, Present, and Future† by George Rzevski, Feignbaum states that the performance of this system relies on the amount of information

How We Define Ourselves as Humans Free Essays

How do we define ourselves as Humans? Name: Instructor or Class: September 10, 2009 This paper discusses what it means to be human, and the importance of the human’s responsibilities in life. It is important to fulfill the responsibilities as humans, and to explore all of the options and possibilities that the human’s short life has to hold. Plato saw man’s true nature as rational and believed that civilized society must be organized, and civilized life conducted according to rational principles. We will write a custom essay sample on How We Define Ourselves as Humans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plato and Russell stated that to be human is to wonder and explore the intellectual possibilities of life. I believe that this is the correct philosophy on life, and the human race should wish to explore all of their intellectual possibilities and responsibilities. Plato once said, â€Å"Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge. † It is essential to understand why humans are here on earth, and what their responsibilities are. Humans desire to be healthy, happy and to have freedom. Russell said â€Å"happiness of mankind  should be the aim of all actions†. Humans use their emotions to express ones desire and to show others what they want and who they are. Humans use knowledge to live out their life goals and fulfill their responsibilities. I believe that Plato and Russell were correct in their statement, because to be human should be to explore all the possibilities that there are in the world. What would the world be if we did not try to understand life, and to make the most of oneself? Since the beginning of civilization, man has always been provoked and motivated by the need to make progress and development. This necessity has led to great advancement in technology and how the human race lives day to day. If humans did not have this motivation, they might all be cavemen living outdoors hunting for food and water. What would the earth be like if Thomas Edison was no motivated to create the light bulb? What would the world be like if people did not have the motivation to develop our basic necessities of everyday life? The â€Å"what if† questions could be endless in this topic, but the main explanation here is that humans have the need and responsibility to develop. Humans were made to wonder and explore life. The possible objections to Plato and Russell’s theory would be that humans are to live life under restrictions and follow what we are told to do. Some may say that the consequences of human actions may deplete our resources and kill off the human race. My rebuttal for this, is what if humans did not try? If someone did not try to make the world the best and strive for the best, humans might not have survived as long as they have. It is possible that without the technology that they have explored and created, the human race would not have made it this far and become extinct. For the people who strictly believe that the other philosopher’s statements that the instructor has allowed us to view are the only form of truth, are forcing humans to limitations. They say that humans must follow moderation and live to duty, which forms some truth, but not all. Humans have never or will never force themselves to limitations, because if they did people would have never created the vast life forms that they have. Humanity would possibly be without power, without running water, and without other every day necessities if they would have restricted themselves to moderation. This is common in third world countries that have not organized and developed themselves as far as the United States and other first world countries. People of the world have obviously agreed to this philosophy with or without knowing, because look at how the lives that they have developed as humans. Humans live day to day full of technology and necessities because the people of their ancestry have explored all of their intellectual possibilities and are striving to do more. In conclusion to Plato and Russell’s philosophy I would like to add that I feel that being a human means to live life to its fullest, be happy, healthy and find unconditional love. To find all of these qualities, the human race has to have wisdom and knowledge. It takes time to fulfill life’s goals and responsibilities, but as Plato once said, â€Å"Never discourage anyone who continually makes progress, no matter how slow. † I feel that over time the definition being humans will change, yet the one part that will stay the same is that humans will always strive for excellence to find happy, healthy lives. How to cite How We Define Ourselves as Humans, Papers

Contributory Negligence Historical Compare -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Contributory Negligence Historical Compare? Answer: Introduction Tort law is a branch of common law, and denote civil wrong done. One of the torts in the nation is negligence. Negligence occurs where an owed duty of care is contravened, owing to the acts undertaken by the duty owing person, which causes the other persons injuries, or losses. When a case of negligence is made, often the defence of contributory negligence is cited (Latimer, 2012). This part covers an analysis of the given case study, in context of the two concepts. The main issue in this case is the chances of a case of negligence, raised by Tamara against Aldi Supermarkets (Aldi), being successful. Negligence is the tort through which the person breaching the duty of undertaking reasonable care is made liable, for not taking the care as a reasonable person would have undertaken in similar situations, particularly when the result in harm/ loss/ injury was being caused to the party to which this duty was owed. Establishing negligence is a step based process, where there is a need to show the duty of care being present, its violation, the violation causing injury, loss not being remote, foreseeability of loss and direct causation. In cases where these are shown to be present, monetary compensation can be claimed upon by the aggrieved party (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). To begin with, there is a need to establish the presence of duty of care. In this regard, the threefold test provided in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605, 618 proves to be of assistance. As per this test, there is a need to show reasonable foreseeability of the injury through the defendants conduct or actions; there is also a need for the defendant and plaintiff to have a relationship of proximity; and finally, the imposition of penalty has to be deemed as fair, just and also reasonable based on the scenario present (Lunney and Oliphant, 2013). Bolton v. Stone [1951] AC 850, [1951] 1 All ER 1078 was a case in which the plaintiff was not awarded with any sort of damages, owing to the lack of holding the defendant as liable for negligence, as there was absence of reasonable foreseeability in the conduct of the plaintiff (Swarb, 2016). This has to be followed by showing that the owed duty of care had been contravened (Harvey and Martson, 2009). Paris v Stepney Borough Council [1951] AC 367 was a case in which the defendant was aware of the fact that the plaintiff was blind in one eye. Despite this, he was not given the safety gears to be worn whilst be performed his work. One of the days he was working, a rusty bolt hit his good eye, blinding him completely. This was deemed as breach of duty of care resulting in the defendant being deemed negligent (Martin and Lancer, 2013). The loss caused has to be significant and not too remote. Upon the presence of all these, negligence can be upheld (Latimer, 2012). A common defence citied in cases of negligence is contributory negligence. As per this concept, the injured party has to be made liable for the contribution made by them in the injuries which they suffered, predominantly through the negligence of the defendant. Thus, the amount of damages given to the plaintiff for their loss is brought down by their contributory negligence, and is entirely based on discretion of court (Dongen, 2014). Hamilton v Duncan [2010] NSWDC 90 is an example of this concept. This case had the plaintiff failing in maintaining proper look-out for hole, and this was done when the plaintiff had the knowledge of the hold, on which the plaintiff had tripped. There had been warnings by him to other person regarding the same; and this person was the witness later on in context of the hole being present in the ground, just before the incident had taken place. Thus, the damages were reduced by thirty percent as the court held that the contribution of plaintiff had been thirty percent in this case (Bannerman, 2015). Application Where an individual gets in a supermarket, the supermarket gets the duty of making certain that such person is safe while they are in the supermarket. This means that the duty of care was owed by Aldi to Tamara as she was a customer. Based on the threefold test, the loss here was foreseeable as any person would fall on puddle of ice cream and this required proper cleaning. There was clear proximity between the two, and where penalties are imposed in this case they would be fair. The foreseeability is proved based on Bolton v. Stone as falling on wet surface is reasonably foreseeable. Just because the floor was cleaned every forty minutes, does not mean it should not have been cleaned as soon as the ice cream fell on the floor. Not cleaning the surface was breaching the duty of care established through the threefold test, thus satisfying Paris v Stepney Borough Council. Based on these cases, a duty of care was presented to be breached and with satisfaction of the other requirements a case of negligence can be raised by Tamara. This means she can apply for damages. However, the damages applied by her would be reduced based on Hamilton v Duncan. This was due to the fact that Tamara was aware of ice cream puddle and she still ran for the last piece of chocolate. She was required to take care of herself and walk instead of running on a wet day. Thus, she contributed towards her injuries by running. Conclusion Through the conducted analysis, it is concluded that Aldi had been negligent in this matter, but there was also the presence of contributory negligence by Tamara. This means that the awarded damages to Tamara would be reduced by her contribution. Still, Tamara is advised to make a case of negligence to get a major portion of the damages caused to her. References Bannerman, D. (2015) Contributory Negligence In "Slip And Fall" Cases - No Control Over The Plaintiff's Own Action Or Inaction?. [Online] Bannermans Lawyers. Available from: https://www.bannermans.com.au/insurance/articles/public-liability/331-contributory-negligence-in-slip-and-fall-cases-no-control-over-the-plaintiff-s-own-action-or-inaction [Accessed on: 17/01/18] Dongen, E.V. (2014) Contributory Negligence: A Historical and Comparative Study. Boston: Brill Nijhoff. Gibson, A., and Fraser, D. (2014) Business Law 2014. 8th ed. Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia. Harvey, B., and Marston, J. (2009) Cases and Commentary on Tort. 6th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Lunney, M., and Oliphant, K. (2013) Tort Law: Text and Materials. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Martin, J., and Lancer, D. (2013) AQA Law for AS Fifth Edition. 5th ed. Oxon: Hachette UK. Swarb. (2016) Bolton v Stone: HL 10 May 1951. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/bolton-v-stone-hl-10-may-1951/ [Accessed on: 17/01/18]

Psychological properties of colours

There is no doubt that the analysis of colour varies a lot. There is the analysis that is authentic and based on scholarly information. Also, there is the analysis that is based on unsubstantiated information.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Psychological properties of colours specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will offer a critical analysis of the article written by Angela Wright entitled â€Å"Psychological properties of colours† (Wright, 2011). Critical Evaluation This article was authored by an expert in the field. The author has articulated the various attributes of the different colours in an effective manner. However, the article does not meet the provisions for a scholarly article bearing in mind that it is not peer-reviewed. Also, it can be noted that there are no in-text citations provided in the article. Notably, there is no reference page provided. Peer reviewed articles are the most trusted in the scholarly circles (Guerrieri, 2012). Peer reviewed articles are those that are subjected to other colleagues and experts for analysis before publication. This is an important aspect as the author it enables the author to alleviate any fear, doubt, and resistance that others may have towards his or her work. In peer review, valuable suggestions and advice are presented to the author before his or her work is published (Lamothe, 2012). Peer reviewed publications are subjected to the â€Å"audit culture† which has been adopted in the academic world (Blyth, et al. 2010). Going by these assertions, it can be noted that the article by Angela Wright did not meet the criteria for a reliable source of information in academic circles.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Applying the REVIEW criteria Relevance The relevance of the article is excellent. This is because the article expounds on very critical information about the different colours (Wright, 2011). Expertise The expertise of the author of the article is quite good. Angela Wrights went to Queen Mary’s Hospital, Roehampton, England where she studied psychoanalytic psychotherapy. She also went to Carmel, California, USA where she studied the dynamics of colour. Viewpoint The article takes an informative viewpoint. In this respect, the author uses her expertise to compile a very useful article that provides critical information to her audience about colours (Wright, 2011). Intended audience The article is intended for colouring and design students and professionals. It can also be useful to those people who are interested in studying colour and human behaviour. Evidence On this criteria, the article scores poorly. There are no in-text citations that are provided. Consequently, there is no bibliography or reference section on the article. When published This article was published recently and this makes it a good source of information. References Blyth, E. et al. (2010). Measuring the Quality of Peer-Reviewed Publications in Social Work: Impact Factors—Liberation or Liability? Social Work Education, 29(2): 120–136.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Psychological properties of colours specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Guerrieri, R. (2012). What’s a peer-reviewed journal? Nursing, 42(5): 46-49. Lamothe, A.R. (2012). The Importance of Encouraging Librarians to Publish in Peer-Reviewed Publications. Journal of Scholarly Publishing. 43(2): 156-167. Wright, A. (2011). Psychological Properties of Colours. Retrieved from: http://www.colour-affects.co.uk/psychological-properties-of-colours This critical writing on Psychological properties of colours was written and submitted by user Callum Dejesus to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Jonthan Edwards

of God. With him taking the strong approach and telling the congregation the way it was he could have lost the respect of the people. Also the congregation could have just given up on trying to please God. They could have also though that Jonathan Edwards was crazy. Jonathan Edwards meant â€Å"sinners† in the way of the people doing the thing that they know is against the word of God. In this knowledge that the sinners have, they proceed to disrespect God by doing the things that he said not to. To give examples Adam and Eve; God told Adam not to eat the apple from the knowledge tree but he did it anyways. When God saw Adam take the bit of the apple, he cast them out of the Garden of Eden. When you disrespect God he will not protect you from the evils of other.... Free Essays on Jonthan Edwards Free Essays on Jonthan Edwards Jonathan Edwards’s depiction of God would have helped his congregation by scaring them straight. That meaning that they would not do any thing to go against the words of God. With him taking the strong approach and telling the congregation the way it was he could have lost the respect of the people. Also the congregation could have just given up on trying to please God. They could have also though that Jonathan Edwards was crazy. Jonathan Edwards meant â€Å"sinners† in the way of the people doing the thing that they know is against the word of God. In this knowledge that the sinners have, they proceed to disrespect God by doing the things that he said not to. To give examples Adam and Eve; God told Adam not to eat the apple from the knowledge tree but he did it anyways. When God saw Adam take the bit of the apple, he cast them out of the Garden of Eden. When you disrespect God he will not protect you from the evils of other....

How to Make a Benzoic Acid Snow Globe

How to Make a Benzoic Acid Snow Globe Its fun and easy to make your own snow globe using water and snow made from glitter or crushed egg shells, but you can use chemistry to make crystal snow that looks a lot more like the real thing. Snow is made from crystals of water. In this project, you precipitate crystals of benzoic acid, which has the advantage of not melting at room temperature. Heres how you make the snow globe: Snow Globe Materials baby food jar or ointment jar (~4 oz)1 g benzoic acidwaterbeaker or pyrex measuring cuphot plate or microwave or coffee makerstirring rod or spoonhot glue gundecoration to glue to the bottom of the snow globe, like a small plastic toyforceps or tweezerselectrical tape (optional) Assemble the Snow Globe There are a couple of ways to do this. There is my do-it-at-home method and then what you might want to do in a lab. Lets start with the lab instructions...In a 250 ml flask, stir 1 g benzoic acid into 75 ml of water.Heat the solution to dissolve the benzoic acid. You do not need to boil the water.Alternatively, you can measure 75 ml (5 tablespoons) of water that you heated in a microwave or coffee maker. Dissolve the benzoic acid in the hot water.Put down a bead of hot glue on the inside of the jar lid (or you can put it on the bottom of a clean, dry jar if you dont plan to invert the sealed jar).Use tweezers or forceps to position your decoration in the glue.While the glue is cooling, take a look at your benzoic acid solution. As it approaches room temperature, the benzoic acid will precipitate out of solution to form snow. The rate of cooling affects the snow. Slow cooling produces fine crystals. Quick cooling produces something more like snowballs than snowflakes.Pour the room-te mperature benzoic acid solution into the glass jar. Fill the jar as full as possible with water. Air pockets will cause the benzoic acid to form clumps.Put the lid on the jar. If desired, seal the jar with hot glue or electrical tape.Gently shake the jar to see the pretty snow! How the Snow Works Benzoic acid doesnt readily dissolve in room temperature water, but if you heat the water the solubility of the molecule is increased (similar to dissolving sugar in water to make rock candy). Cooling the solution causes the benzoic acid to precipitate back into solid form. Slow cooling of the solution allows the benzoic acid to form prettier, more snow-like flakes than if you had simply mixed benzoic acid powder with water. The cooling rate of water into ice affects how real snow appears, too. Safety Tips Benzoic acid is used as a preservative in food, so as chemicals go it is pretty safe. However, pure benzoic acid can be very irritating to skin and mucous membranes (heres an MSDS for you). Also, it can be toxic if large quantities are ingested. So... wear gloves and eye protection when preparing your solution. Excess solution can be washed down the drain (can neutralize it with baking soda first if you like). I wouldnt recommend this project for very young children. It should be fine for grade school kids with adult supervision. Its mainly intended as a fun project for teens and adults. The snow globe is not a toy- you dont want young children taking it apart and drinking the solution.

Living Wage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Living Wage - Research Paper Example Some people would state that employees who live below the poverty level should increase their skills that are set to increase their value to the organization. In the American magazine, the article â€Å"is a living wage just a wage† on the 19th February 2001, addresses the issues revolving around the wage bill. The article states that legislation on the living wage requires businesses, agencies and some organizations, which offer acceptance to government contracts to make payments to their full time employees as a living wage (Melden, 1967). The most vulnerable ethics theory that applies to the above incidence is the deontology theory. This theory states that people should keep their roles obligations and responsibilities when analysing an ethical dilemma. However, this theory lacks the issue of employees’ rights, which is much important. The choice of decision creates a state of dictatorship since no one is entitled to provide his/her views, but only entitled to his/her duties. Ethics provides equity among people who are given a living wage. Employees feel that they at times discriminated against when they apply for jobs. If an employee is denied a position, which he is qualified for, he/she tends to think that it has to do with his social class. A call for employers to follow the â€Å"uniform guidelines on employee selection procedures† should be availed to take into consideration the protected classes on the basis of race, sex, disability, age or religion. In response to the utilitarianism theory, which is found on the basis of predicting the impacts of a given decision or action. The article â€Å"What You Should Look for When Selecting among Employer Health Coverage† published on 16th November 2008 is related to this theory. If an employer selects an employee on racial, religion, age, nationality, sex and disability bases, he is practicing unethical activities, which are discouraged by the utilitarianism theory (The Washington Post

3-Year Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

3-Year Marketing Plan Essay Introduction Company G is a very well-known company in the electronics industry and is highly regarded by consumers for their high quality products and this new product line that is being introduced by Company G continues the excellence of quality for which they are known. The â€Å"Tub-Scrubbie† is an innovative new product that is a first in a new line of electronic home care products that is being introduced by Company G. The Tub-Scrubbie is an automatic bathtub scrubber that is designed to allow people the freedom to spend more time doing what’s important to them instead of working on household chores. Mission Statement â€Å"We enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing innovative electronics solutions.† The Product The Tub-Scrubbie is an automatic bathtub scrubber that is completely self-contained and rechargeable. This product is designed to scrub the bathtub for those that are physically unable to do so themselves and for people whose lives are very busy and would rather be spending quality time with their family than spending extra time doing household chores. The Tub-Scrubbie is quick to set up and very simple to use. There are no complicated instructions, no small parts to lose or parts that easily break. The unit contains a cleanser and water reservoir that is easy to fill and holds 16 oz. of liquid which is enough for one use, an automatic timer which switches the unit off when the time has expired, replaceable bristle brushes that can be used on all surfaces and a metal tube frame set. To use, the metal tube frame is attached to the bathtub using spring tension rods, the  scrubber is filled with the no rinse cleaning solution and water mixture, the scrub unit is attached to the frame, turn on the unit and set the timer and let it go. The scrubber unit will spray the cleaning solution in 15 second intervals as it scrubs the tub. It will move along the metal frame and move up and down on the drop post to scrub the walls of the tub. Once it has completed two revolutions around the frame, the scrubber will detach from the drop tube and scrub the bottom of the tub until the timer shuts the unit off. Rinsing the tub is not required, the cleaning solution is designed to be â€Å"no rinse† and is non-toxic and will not damage surfaces with regular use. Consumer Product Classification After in-depth research, we have determined that the Tub-Scrubbie would be classified as a shopping item. Even though this item has several characteristics of being a convenience item, such as being low in price and being available in multiple sales outlets, and the purchase frequency is infrequent as a specialty item, it maintains the shopping item profile. The consumer factors that direct this product to the shopping item classification are a considerable planning time involved in making the purchase, the importance of a convenient location, the considerable comparison of price and quality. The marketing mix factors include a relatively short distribution channel, the sellers’ image is very important for the reliability and durability of the item and that this item can be sold and promoted by the producer and the seller of the item. Target Market The target market for the Tub-Scrubbie actually covers two different demographic groups. The first group type to target will be the elderly from the age of 55 and over and disabled people of any age that are living alone. The second group type to target for marketing are the people that are too busy to spend time doing household chores such as scrubbing the bathtub, this group will consist of parents with children that are enrolled in multiple after school activities and the overworked business professional. The elderly/disabled group will be in a very low income bracket, and may or may not have been educated, they will most likely be living on a pension,  retirement or collecting a monthly check from social security, their annual income will average $10,000 $25,000. This group will most likely be living alone in an apartment or single family home in the low income section of town that is situated close to strip mall type of shopping center, which may or may not have a major anchor store. The business professional group will be in the medium income bracket; this group will be highly educated, holding either a Bachelors or Master’s degree. They will be working hard and very long hours so that they can remain in their income bracket range. Their average income will be between $40,000 and $60,000, enough to cover their living expenses and small extravagances, but not enough that they can hire someone to do their housekeeping regularly. This group will be living in an apartment community or in a condominium that is located close to an upscale shopping center or mall. Competitive Situation Analysis Analysis of Competition using Porter’s 5 Forces Model The following is an overview of factors that may have an impact on the introduction and future sales of the Tub-Scrubbie. In the cleaning product market, consumers are always looking for a new and innovative way to take the work out of their daily house cleaning chores. Competitive Rivalry At this time there would be no direct competition for the Tub-Scrubbie. As the sales of this item rise, competitors will start to develop their version of this product, if we patent our item that will reduce exact replicas. With the introduction of the Tub-Scrubbie, the main competition would be the companies that produce the well-known tub and bathroom cleaners such as Clorox Co, Proctor Gamble and S.C. Johnson Son, Inc. Each of these companies holds at least 50% or more of the market share of the different cleaning products that customers have been using for years. Threat from New Entrants The home cleaning product market is extremely large and the competition is very high among the leaders of the industry, this makes entering this market very difficult. Due to the cost involved with entering the cleaning product  market, the threat from new entrants is relatively low. The internet can be used to monitor any new competition that may try to break into the market with similar products to ours. Threat from Buyers With the cleaning product market being as large as it is, the threat from individual consumers would be relatively low; they would have no effect on price or placement of the item. The threat from buyers would be greater, big box stores such as Wal-Mart and Target would be able to refuse to purchase the item unless they received a discount per number of units ordered, they would also have control of where the product would be placed in their stores. Internet sales would not be considered a threat from buyers; this would be set up as direct sales to consumers. Threat from Suppliers Since we would be producing the main product in our own factories, there is no threat from a manufacturing standpoint. We would partner with Clorox Inc to provide the cleaning solution for the Tub-Scrubbie. Since Clorox is a very large producer, the threat from this supplier would be very low. The only threat from supplies that we would face would be from the suppliers of the raw materials that we would use to create our products. The internet could be used to watch for disruption to the raw material chain. Threat from Substitutes In the beginning there will be very little threat from substitutes, at this time there is no product on the market that will directly compete with this item. After this item is introduced, other companies such as P G, 3M and Clorox will flood the market of their version of the Tub-Scrubbie, which will then introduce direct competition for our item. Most of the substitute products for the Tub-Scrubbie do not offer the convenience of the â€Å"automatic cleaning† feature of our product, there is only one product at this time that offers this feature which is the â€Å"Scrubbing Bubbles Automatic Shower Cleaner†. This product is designed to clean shower stalls, not bathtubs and therefore should not pose to be direct competition. The only alternatives that are available to our product would be the â€Å"old fashioned† way by using a scrub brush or sponge and liquid or powdered bathtub cleanser and water. The internet could be utilized to monitor similar products bei ng offered  worldwide. SWOT Analysis In this section, we have highlighted Company G’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the production and sales of the Tub-Scrubbie line of products. STRENGTHS *indicates core competency Well-known brand name Innovative products Outstanding product support WEAKNESSES New to cleaning product market Introducing a new concept in cleaning Dependent on partner companys cleaning product OPPORTUNITIES Online marketing Expanding into new market Partner with industry leader of cleaning products THREATS Replication by competitors Cleaning products already on the market Consumers unwilling to try a new product Strengths The first of our strengths which is also a core competency is that we have a very well-known brand name in the electronics market. We have a name that consumers know and trust for quality products and excellent customer service; consumers would be more likely to purchase our product. Our second strength, also one of our core competencies is that our company is known for its innovative new products. We have spearheaded many different markets with new products that consumers have not ever seen before and have done very well in sales with these products, capturing at least 10% of the market. Our third strength is our outstanding product support. We offer the most extensive and longest warranties on our products, combined with a money back guarantee if not satisfied. We also have an excellent customer service department that receives customer feedback and requests by email, phone or  instant chat and concentrates on resolving customer issues within 48 hours. Weaknesses The first weakness is that Company G is a new entrant to the cleaning product market. We will have many competitors that have been selling quality products in hundreds of different outlets for many years. Our next weakness is that we are introducing a new, modern concept in cleaning to an older market that is mainly reluctant to change. Many of the consumers in our target market are older people that are afraid of technology or just may feel that its just not clean if they dont scrub it themselves. Our third weakness would be Company Gs dependency on our partner company, Cloroxs’ name to sell our product. Since the Tub-Scrubbie will be sold with cleaning fluids provided by the Clorox Company, we are depending on their reputation and popularity in the industry to help sell our product, if their product doesnt sell, then ours wont either. Opportunities One of our first opportunities with this product is to expand on our internet sales opportunities. All of our products can be found online on hundreds of websites as well as direct sales, by offering this product online we can expand into new internet outlets that have not previously carried our electronics. Another opportunity that this product will give us is the advantage of expanding our company into an entirely new market. This will be Company Gs first venture into the cleaning product market which will give us the opportunity to introduce future cleaning products and expanding our sales into new territories. Our third opportunity is that we are going to partner with Clorox, which is one of the leaders in the cleaning industry. Their name is seminomas with clean and germ free and by partnering with Clorox, it will only boost initial sales as well as residual sales of the refill cleaning fluids. Threats One threat would be replication of our product by competitors. Once our Tub-Scubbie is introduced, there is a possibility of the market being flooded with similar products. Even though their design will be different, the concept will be the same, this will ultimately bring down our sales. Another threat would be the wide variety of cleaning products that are  already available on the market. Consumers are creatures of habit and have their favorite products that they buy repeatedly and they refuse to change, if they dont use Clorox products, they are not likely to purchase our product. A third threat is that many consumers are unwilling to try a new product that will change the method they use to clean their bathtub. Many people do not like change and are unwilling to buy something new, they may feel it wont clean as well as it should or that its just another electronic device that will break after a few months. Market Objectives Product Objective The main objective for the Tub-Scrubbie is to offer a quality product that is simple and ready to use, uses very little energy, is rechargeable and is covered by our 60 day money back guarantee and 1 year warranty. Price Objective The Tub-Scrubbie will be available at an introductory price of $29.99 and after 6 months the regular price will be $34.99. There will also be color varieties available at $39.99 and an upgraded model bundled with cleansers will be introduced after one year for $54.99. Place Objective The objective for placement of the Tub-Scrubbie will be to introduce the product in a partnership with the Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club Corporations by Dec of 2013 and by Feb 2014, the Tub-Scrubbie will be available in most retail outlets. Promotion Objective The objective for promotion of the Tub-Scrubbie is to gradually introduce our product to the public through television and radio advertisements, newspapers and holiday circulars and free standing store displays by the end of January 2014. Marketing Strategies In order to make this product successful in the market place, we must ensure that the consumers receive the superior quality products that they have come to expect from Company G. This entails providing our customers a long lasting product that is energy efficient, available in a variety of colors at an affordable cost. We have created a three stage marketing strategy for  the Tub-Scrubbie by first placing the item in one of the largest retailers during the holiday shopping season, setting a pricing plan that will fit into the budget of most of our consumers and by offering price reduction in lower income areas. Product Strategies The Tub-Scrubbie will be sold with rechargeable batteries and AC adapter. The Tub-Scrubbie will be covered by our standard 60 day money back guarantee and 1 year warranty. The Tub-Scrubbie will be fully assembled and ready to use out of the box. Price Strategies The Tub-Scrubbie will have an introductory price of $29.99, after 6 months the price will increase to $34.99. The Tub-Scrubbie will be offered in a variety of colors for $39.99. The Tub-Scrubbie will be offered in a bundle with a larger cleanser reservoir and 2 bottles of cleanser in their choice of color for $54.99. Place Strategies The Tub-Scrubbie will be launched in December of 2013 in all Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club stores. In January 2014, the Tub-Scrubbie will be released at all other major retailers such as Target, Raley’s, Bel Air and Nob Hill markets. By February 2014 the Tub-Scrubbie will be available at all smaller retailers and at online stores. Promotion Strategies In November of 2013, the Tub-Scrubbie will start to be featured in television and radio commercials sponsored by Wal-Mart. In December of 2013, the Tub-Scrubbie will be featured in holiday circulars and newspaper ads. In January of 2014, in stored displays will be set up at most retail outlets and $5.00 of coupons will be circulated as a â€Å"New Year cleanup special.† Tactics and Action Plan Shown below are the plans that have been put into place to carry out the objectives stated above. Each manager indicated will be responsible for completing the task by its due date. Product Action Plan Tactic Due Date Responsible Party Ensure that all packaging includes rechargeable batteries and AC cord Daily – As items are manufactured and packaged. Manufacturing Supervisor A copy of our guaranteed return policy and warranty are included with each unit. Daily – As items are manufactured and packaged. Manufacturing Supervisor Each unit is fully assembled and ready to operate out of the package. Daily – As items are manufactured and packaged. Quality Assurance Manager Price Action Plan Tactic Due Date Responsible Party Ensure that the packaging reflects the introductory price of $29.99 Daily through the first 6 months of production. Manufacturing Manager and Promotions Manager Ensure that the packaging with the color varieties indicate the correct color and the price of $39.99 Daily – As the items are manufactured and packaged. Manufacturing Manager Ensure that the packaging for the bundled enhanced product and cleaning fluids indicate the color of the unit as well as the price of $54.99 Daily – As the items are manufactured and packaged. Manufacturing Manager Place Action Plan Tactic Due Date Responsible Party Ensure that shipments have been received by all Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club distribution centers. November 1, 2013 Distribution Manager Ensure that shipments have been received by remaining large chain retailers. December 1, 2013 Distribution Manager Ensure that shipments have been received by all remaining retailers. January 15, 2013 Distribution Manager Promotion Action Plan Tactic Due Date Responsible Party Ensure that television and radio spots are ready to be aired. October 31, 2013 Promotion Manager Create and submit ads for circulars and newspapers. November 15, 2013 Promotion Manager Order POS merchandisers and distribute to retail outlets. November 30, 2013 Promotion Manager Monitoring Procedures In order to ensure that our marketing plan is achieving Company Gs desired goals, we must put into place and regularly review monitoring procedures. We will be using the following procedures from the first day that the product is introduced through the first 5 years of sales. Monitoring Activity Due Date/Frequency Responsible Party Overall Sales Volume Quarterly Distribution Manager Effectiveness of Advertisements End of each month Promotion Manager Accumulated Expenses Quarterly Accounting Manager Customer Satisfaction End of each month Customer Service Manager

Neither Oedipus nor Hamlet was the direct cause of his troubles. :: essays research papers

Although you may never meet them, and although you may not tread the soil of God’s green earth at the same time, many believe it to be a scientific fact every one of us has a twin. These people believe that in some way, we are all connected as twins. Upon presenting their theory, these individuals must have been confronted with hitches and hurdles. From chuckling and chortling to snickering and sneering, one can only imagine the response these scientists must have received! Upon hearing the stories of Oedipus and Hamlet, our eighth period English class reacted much like the scientists’ audience. We began with a prince by the name of Hamlet. The quote, â€Å"with great power, comes great responsibility† comes to mind. As a scholar, Hamlet questioned and analyzed everything set before him. It was no surprise that when presented with the murder of his father, Hamlet acted with extreme caution. He knew it was his duty to avenge his father’s murder, both as a prince, and as a son. In no way could he have prepared himself for such an arduous task. This is why I believe Hamlet was a victim of his circumstance. Hamlet did not provoke the murderer of his father nor influence the course of events that spurred such shocking circumstances; however, being analytical, his best quality, made it more difficult to reach his goal. In the same way, Prince Oedipus is faced with an indubitable fate. From childhood, this young prince was cursed, but destiny never gave up. Again, having such fervent love for his father, Oedipus did the unthinkable- he gave up everything he had ever known to save the life of the man whom he thought to be his father. Once again, it was the protagonists’ best quality that made him vulnerable to his circumstances. Oedipus never sought to mistreat, much less murder his father, but fate would have it no other way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both of these protagonists have many difference and similarities. Their differences range from motive to the method, which they reacted to their circumstances. Oedipus doesn’t kill to avenge anyone; he kills†¦ well†¦ because some men were in his way? Whereas Hamlet kills to seek justice for an indiscretion committed against he and his family- the honor, which defined his name. Hamlet fought for a father he knew; a father whom he had shared new experiences and memories with. This was not a life Oedipus was familiar with, that is with his birth father.

Native Son character Essay

The protagonist and main character of Native Son is Bigger Thomas. He is the focus of the novel and the embodiment of its main idea–the effect of racism on the mental state of its black victims. Richard Wright’s exploration of Bigger’s psychological corruption gives us a perspective on the effect that racism had on the black population in 1930s America. Some critics of Native Son have questioned the effectiveness of Bigger as a character. For instance, the famous black writer James Baldwin has considered Bigger as too narrow to represent the full scope of black experience in America, but I believe he is a powerful and disturbing symbol of black rage. As a 20-year-old black man cramped in a Chicago South Side apartment with his family, Bigger has lived a life defined by the fear and anger he feels toward whites. Bigger is limited by the eighth-grade departure from school, and by the racist real estate practices that forced him to live in poverty. Furthermore, he is subjected to messages from a popular culture that portrays whites as civilized and sophisticated and blacks as barbaric and subservient. Racism has severely reduced Bigger’s opportunities in life and even his conception of himself. He is ashamed of his family’s poverty and afraid of the whites who control his life–feelings he works hard to keep hidden, even from himself. When these feelings overwhelm him, he reacts with violence. â€Å"These were the rhythms of his life: indifference and violence; periods of abstract brooding and periods of intense desire; moments of silence and moments of anger–like water ebbing and flowing from the tug of some far-away, invisible force.† (31) Bigger robs people with his friends–though only other blacks, as the gang is too frightened to rob a white man–but his own violence is often directed at these friends as well. Bigger sees white people as an overpowering and hostile force that is set against him in life. Just as whites fail to conceive of Bigger as an individual, he does not really distinguish between individual whites–to him, they are all the same, frightening and untrustworthy. Bigger feels little guilt after he accidentally kills Mary, the daughter of his white employers. In fact, he feels for the first time as though his life actually has purpose and meaning. Mary’s murder makes him believe that he has the power to assert himself against whites. Wright goes out of his way to show  that Bigger is not a conventional protagonist, as his brutality and capacity for violence are extreme, especially in graphic scenes such as the one in which he decapitates Mary’s corpse in order to stuff it into the furnace. Wright does not present Bigger as a hero to admire, but as a frightening and disturbing character created by racism. Wright’s point is that Bigger becomes a brutal killer because the dominant white culture fears that he will become a brutal killer. Wright emphasizes this vicious cycle of racism: though Bigger’s violence stems from racial hatred, it only increases the racism in American society, as it confirms racist whites’ basic fears about blacks. In Wright’s depiction, whites effectively transform blacks into their own negative stereotypes. Only when Bigger meets Max, his white, communist lawyer, does Wright offer any hope of breaking this cycle of racism. Through interaction with Max, Bigger begins to perceive whites as individuals. Only when sympathetic understanding exists between blacks and whites will they be able to see each other as individuals, not merely as members of a stereotyped group. After he meets Max and learns to talk through his problems Bigger begins to redeem himself, recognizing white people as individuals for the first time and realizing the extent to which he has been affected by racism. Early on in Native Son, Wright describes how Bigger retreats behind a â€Å"wall† to keep the reality of his situation from overwhelming him. This passage from Book Two shows the destructive effects of Bigger’s retreat. â€Å"There was something he knew and something he felt; something the world gave him and something he himself had†¦Never in all his life, with this black skin of his, had the two worlds, thought and feeling, will and mind, aspiration and satisfaction, been together; never had he felt a sense of wholeness.† (225) He is isolated not only from his friends and family, but from himself as well. It seems that the black psyche is always divided. Bigger’s mind is split in two, leaving him unable to interact with others and unable to understand himself. It is this quest for wholeness that dominates Bigger’s  life. Tragically, it is not until he has murdered two women and is soon to be executed that he is able to understand and grasp this wholeness. He is thrilled by his new realization, yet tormented by the fact that it comes too late, when he has only precious little time left to live.

Why is Human Memory Subject to Error?

Human memory is subject to error because human memory Is Imperfect Just Like many things In nature. The way we perceive things are not always accurate. Memory is not like a movie camera it is reconstructive. According to Wade & Travis (2012), â€Å"Because memory is reconstructive, it is subject to confabulation–confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened† (p. 266). In essence infatuation is hearing a story or an event and believing that story or event is† your† story or event.Memories that have been affected by confabulation can feel real even though the memories are false. Memories can be subjected to error because sometimes our memories piece together many parts and merge them all into one memory which is known as source misinformation. What might influence human memory? Memories can be influenced by many factors to Include but not limited to the power of suggestion, stress/anxiety, brain Injuries, mental Illness, and traumatic events. Those are a few of the influences I believe affect human memory.Human memory can be influenced by people we trust either directly or indirectly telling the subject that something happened when it did not actually happen. When we are affected by high stress or anxiety we may not correctly remember details. When the human brain has an Injury or is affected by mental Illness memories can be Influenced by improper thought processes. Traumatic events can Influence human memory by altering a subject's memory as a form of self-preservation. Through my personal experiences I have seen many of the above listed influence human memory.In light of the points that the Loft's article brings up, what kind of implications do the limitations of human memory have on eye-witness testimony? I believe that some of the Implications of the limitation of human memory have on eye-witness testimony Is the unreliabilit y of human memory and human emotions. According to Abramson, memory experts such as Loft's have been proving that not only Is memory unreliable, it can also be so utterly manipulated as to render it next-to- selves as pivotal evidence in criminal cases†.Memories that have been manipulated can provide incorrect testimony and without any further evidence can wrongfully convict an innocent person. In closing I believe that memories are a snap shot of a moving picture which can be changed or altered as a subject's memory sees fit.

what is modern music essays

what is modern music essays The most important thing that was expressed about the definition of modern music is that the degree of modernism depends on the experience and taste of those whom are listening. This means that each person can have vastly different views on which musicians and what styles are considered modern, because the critique of all arts is merely opinion. The definition for modern in a dictionary is anything within the present. When discussing music the essay emphasized that modern music has other qualities than newness alone. To be considered modern music, it needs to alter in a varying degree from the traditions in material and in the style; it departs from previous conventions. In much of the essay, it is shown that modern music often experiences opposition. In the past, and even still the present, society and the music world initially reject modern music. In the essay music is described as a living language. When modern music is born it can also be considered as new way of expressing a new language. Music evolves just as language does. In the context of music, the grammar used in modern music is its harmony, melody, and rhythm that break all rules. Modern music uses foreign words and expressions that portray the ever-changing environment. There are many styles of music today that can fit the description of modern music. New Age, which often uses sounds of nature to create a melody, clearly has an original style. Hip-hop music is a fairly new form of expression, and when it first began it was rejected and misunderstood by the public. More recent, as it has become more accepted in society and the pace of rhythmic change is quickly altering, for the demand of the listeners. The style of jazz music has also changed a great deal compared to when first born. I feel that modern Jazz as opposed to old jazz is a good example of a new expression of a society in which we live. Lastly, techno, which is a fairly n...

An analsysis of the theme of love and deceit in Twelfth Night

An analsysis of the theme of love and deceit in Twelfth Night According to Patrick Swinden in An Introduction to Shakespeares Comedies, a comedy does not demand the the degree of concentration and belief required by tragedy. As a result, an audience of a play is amusedly aware that its all a play, a game that they are sharing with the actors. FN1 In Twelfth Night, it is the characters, almost without exception, who, in varying degrees, are involved in deception. Swinden says, Whether we look in the plot that Shakespeare took (indirectly) from the Italian, or the plot he made up to put beside it, we shall discover deceit piled on deceit. FN2 Cesario/Viola deceives Olivia, Orsino, Sir Andrew, and Sir Toby, while Maria, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, and Feste deceive Malvolio. In an intricate pattern of concealment and reveal-ment the play spins dizzily toward its happy resolution with all the deceptions that had, and had been, concealed revealed. Is the end of the play really a happy ending? What dynamic in the process of deception could cause Sir Andrew to disappear or force Malvolio to declare, Ill be revenged on the whole pack of you! (5.1.380)? Are the characters bettered or changed by their experiences when they arrive at the end of Act Five than when they started at the beginning of Act One? Whether it be a practical joke or a clever disguise, the games being played in Illyria simultaneously result from and protect each characters deception not only of others but also, more importantly of themselves. The clearest examples are Duke Orsino and Olivia. The games begin with Orsinos opening lines to the play: If music be the food of love, play on; Give me excess of it, that surfeiting, The appetite may sicken and die (1.1.1-4). As Orsino continues to wax rhetorical and hysterical about being in love, it rapidly becomes apparent that he is playing a game with himself, which he will continue throughout the play. He is not in love, but rather in love with love. Olivia is unattainable and she has told him so repeatedly. Yet Orsino persists in making himself suffer, listening to sad love songs, writing to her, staying awake at night and crying into his pillow because he believes that this is the way someone in love acts. It is part of the game that while it may appear that Orsino is rhapsodising about Olivia, he is actually concentrating on himself. The words I, me, and mine occur ten times in the opening passage, culminating with: How will she love When live, brain, and heart, Those sovereign thrones, are all supplied and filled Her sweet perfections with one selfsame king! (35-39). Shakespeares use of selfsame intensifies not only Orsinos description of Olivia, but also his focus on himself. Throughout these lines there is a sense that Orsinos sexual identity, encased in a male body, has not yet been clearly defined, hence his necessity for adopting what he thinks are the affectations of a successful lover. Orsino begins Act Two, scene 4 in the same way he begins Act One: Give me some music (2.4.1). Here, however, Orsino requests a specific song, one overheard just the night before, as Feste, Olivias fool, sang it. How Orsino managed to overhear Festes performance is one of the mysteries of the play, but its effect on Orsino is unquestionable it did relieve my passion much (2.4.4). The songs lyrics are most depressing: Come away, come away, Death, And in sad cypress let me be laid. Fie away, fie away, breath, I am slain by a fair cruel maid; My shroud of white, all stuck with yew, O prepare it. My part of death no one so true Did share it. Not a flower, not a flower sweet On my black coffin let there be strown; Not a friend, not a friend greet My poor corpse, where my bones shall be thrown. A thousand thousand sighs to save Lay me, O where Sad lover never find my grave To weep there. (2.4.49-64) Although Orsino says that he heard only a piece of song (2.4.2), he also notes that it is an old and antique song (2.4.3), indicating that he knows it in its entirety. Its tune and sentiment are so powerful that it remains with him the next morning. It is possible that the song reminds Orsino that he is no longer young enough to pursue an amorous campaign, and that there will be neither lover nor child to mourn him as Olivia mourns her brother. In modern pop-psychology terminology, Orsino appears to be having a mid-life crisis. Orsinos game reaches a breaking point when Cesario interrupts his rhetoric with, Ay, but I know- (2.4.99). Orsino is shocked that this young man may have love experiences to which he has not been privy. He questions what Cesario knows about love and women, and is eager to hear the boys blank (2.4.106) story. Yet, Orsino remains oblivious to Cesarios confession: I am all the daughters of my fathers house, And all the brothers, too (2.4.116-117). Orsino seems to be uncomfortable with this very personal, very intense revelation from another man since his Ay, thats the theme (2.4.119) appears to restore his concentration to the safety and comfort of the pursuit of Olivia. Orsino decides to discard his affectations and goes to speak directly with Olivia. Whatever has transpired between him and Cesario in their three months (5.1.88) silence of Acts Three and Four has given him the strength to declare that he will be so much a sinner to be a double-dealer (5.1.27). Many productions have offered Orsino actually falling in love with Cesario, such as the 1994 RSC version which had the events of 2.4 take place in Orsinos bed. Orsino and Cesario share a passionate kiss that surprises them both, but the kiss also seems to flow from the action and its location. Trevor Nunns 1996 film moves the moment of passion to the scene during which Feste sings a love madrigal in a stable. Feste who coughs at the critical moment of their lips almost touching breaks the momentum. The interpretation is a valid one based on Orsinos customarily rhetorical proclamations of love for Cesario: Why should I not Kill what I love. (5.1.106, 108) This your minion whom, by heaven I swear I tender dearly (5.1.114-115) The lamb that I do love (5.1.119). Has Orsino fallen out of love with love and in love with Cesario? His proclamations arise from his anger at Olivias very public rejection of them as fat and fulsome to mine ear/As howling music (5.1.98-99), the same music that he has found so soothing. This anger is not generated by some newfound awareness. Swinden comments: He is talking about Cesario, not Olivia The presence on stage of both partners during the tirade brings out very delicately the ambiguity of Orsinos shift in feeling. He fails to distinguish the object of his anger from the object of his love. FN3 Even when Cesario is revealed to be Viola, his acceptance of a share in this most happy wrack (5.1.250) seems to be dependent on his seeing her in womans weeds (5.1.257). Yet it is to Viola still dressed as Cesario to whom Orsino offers his hand, not once but twice. That Orsino will not accept Viola unless she looks like a proper woman and yet offers his hand to the male vision suggests that Orsino has not surrendered completely his comfortable sexual cocoon into which he has only admitted Cesario and then only with restraint. This reticence is confirmed at the plays end when Orsino admits: Cesario come For so you shall be while you are a man, But when in other habits you are seen Orsinos mistress, and his fancys queen (5.1.362-365). In The two Antonios and Same-Sex Love in Twelfth Night and The Merchant of Venice, critic Joseph Pequigney explains that [Orsinos] attraction to Olivia, where he is heterosexually straight, like the other would-be wooers Sir Andrew Aguecheek and Malvolio, is a disaster. The love Cesario could not have changed instantaneously with the revelation of his femaleness; if it is erotic, then it would have been erotic before; what does change is that marriage suddenly becomes possible, hence the immediate proposal. FN4 This proposal is followed by a mournful song from Feste on the stages of a love life, which brings the play back to the beginning. Clearly, Orsino has not changed from the man he was: he will still have his fancy. He is as he was at the beginning of the play: he cannot totally abandon his own sexual game. In all likelihood, Viola will now become an Olivia substitute, his fancys queen. As Orsino hides behind the game of love, Olivia hides behind the game of grief cut off from love, adopting an Orsino version of mourning behaviour. Her entire household is in mourning and she daily goes to her brothers grave. As long as she grieves for her dead bother, her sexual desires can be put on hold. Grieving gives her the perfect excuse for rejecting Orsinos suit and relieves her of making a sexual investment in any man until she chooses the sight/And company of men (1.2.40-41). Unlike Orsino, Olivia has put a seven-year limit on her mourning for her father and brother of which twelvemonth has already elapsed when Viola lands in Illyria. In addition, Olivia differs from Orsino significantly since she can Sway her house, command her followers, Take and give back affairs and them dispatch With such a smooth, discreet and stable bearing (4.3.17-19). She is generous and tolerant, boarding Sir Toby and his guest, Sir Andrew, and positive in her view of the repressed Malvolio. With Festes logical and systematic stripping away of her facade, with Olivias consent, Olivia is free in a way that eludes Orsino. She demonstrates keen judgment about the affectations of love: Tis not that time of the moon with me to make one in so skipping a dialogue (1.5.164-165). She has an agile mind and is able to counter Cesarios metaphors as quickly as he issues them. She is inquisitive and only asks Cesario the necessary questions. She seems to be a realist, offering divers schedules of my beauty (1.5.200-201) in response to Cesarios lyricism. These qualities refuse to submerged even as she finds herself falling in love with Cesario: Not too fast! Soft, soft! Even so quickly may one catch the plague. Methinks I feel this youths perfections With an invisible and subtle stealth To creep in at mine eyes. Well, let it be. (1.5.248, 250-253) Olivia thus chooses to abandon the safety of her game and pursue Cesario with complete abandon and confidence in her womanhood. In her pursuit, free from her facade, Olivia is naively honest with herself and Cesario. She confesses in 3.1 that she sent a ring in chase of him (3.1.98). She asks him honestly, I prithee tell me what thou thinkst of me (3.1.123). Cesario attempts to repay this honesty, That you do think you are not what you are (3.1.124). Because of her naà ¯vetà ©, Olivia takes the phrase literally and assures Cesario that she is not mad. However, the line also points out that Olivia, the noblewoman, has fallen in love with a manservant, though a gentleman, and that that gentleman is actually a gentlewoman. Even so, Olivia is rational enough to realise that wit nor reason can my passion hide (3.1.137). Unlike Orsino, Olivia embraces the opportunity for sexual fulfilment with such enthusiasm that she will attempt to overcome every obstacle with actions, not moaning and words. She is quite lucid on love, Love sought is good, but givn unsought is better (3.1.141). In this sense, she is the sexual positive to Orsinos negative. Olivias views will be challenged, however, when confronted by Sebastian. Since fraternal identical twins are a biological impossibility, it would seem that Olivia would note some difference between Cesario and Sebastian. But in the throes of sacrificing love, she would rather soothe her beloveds ire with tales of how many fruitless pranks have been instigated by Sir Toby than launch an investigation into any differences that may exist between the sister and brother. For his part, Sebastian seems to think that nature caused Olivias consistency in being sexually attracted to a woman who looks just like him. But like Orsino, Olivia is eager for the sexual experience promised by marriage. Olivia is actually very much steeped in Orsinos selfsame deception. She was in love with the image of a man, not a man, admitting she was suffering from a most extracting frenzy of mine own (5.1.265). With this admission, Olivia too returns to being as she was at the beginning, involved in a self-deceiving sexual game, as Cesario had lamented: Poor lady, she were better love a dream (2.2.23). Although Sebastian notes that he sees the reality and thinks it a dream, Olivias relationship with Sebastian will ostensibly have to be re-defined, as will Orsinos with Viola. Pequigney observes: Like Orsino, Olivia goes through a homoerotic phase that lasts through and beyond betrothal; both have experiences that evince their bisexuality. Nor do they ever pass beyond it, for the sine qua non of their psychological development his away from fruitless doting on her, hers away from fixation on a dead brother and it has a crucial, integral, and unerasable part in both their love stories, that of Orsino with Cesario/Viola and that of Olivia with Cesario/Sebastian. FN5 Twelfth Night not only asks the comic question of how an individual gets out of tune with society, but also the tragic question of why the individual behaves this way, and why society insists upon its standards. FN6 This play is unique in that it asks these questions simultaneously, and within the context of the sexual games of the play, the answers can be found in the most basic and defining activity of human kind: sex.

Do you agree more with the philosophies of Martin Luther King or Essay - 1

Do you agree more with the philosophies of Martin Luther King or Malcom X - Essay Example His father was murdered during the burning of his house, an action executed by the Klu Klux Klan. His family got split later when his mother was caught in a nervous breakdown. These unforgettable and traumatic experiences during the early years of his life left their mark on his life till late. Malcolm X’s motivation partly originates in his deep desire for revenge. Both leaders had good oratory skills and used hard-hitting and powerful speeches to convey, clarify, and spread their messages across the audience, though they differed in their styles of delivery of message and the underlying purposes. Early life experiences of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X played an important role in shaping their distinct responses to racism in America. While both Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are identified as the towering icons of the modern culture of African Americans and have great influence on the black Americans today, comparison of both the leaders reveals that the attitude of Martin Luther King was more positive as compared to that of Malcolm X as Martin Luther King believed that the blacks can achieve equal status in America as whites by conducting peaceful arguments and demonstrations. The despair of Malcolm X about life showed in his pessimistic and fanatic belief that the blacks can never achieve equal status in America as whites because of the lack of moral conscience in the whites. Martin Luther King based his ideas upon an integrationalist philosophy that imparts a need and possibility for the blacks and whites to live together in an atmosphere of peace and harmony in Ameri ca; â€Å"Yet Kings nonviolent opposition to racism, militarism, and economic injustice had deeper roots and more radical implications than is commonly appreciated† (Jackson). On the other hand, the doctrines supported by Malcolm X were separatist and nationalist. For most of his life, Malcolm X held the

Critically analyse the relative merits of the Capital Asset Pricing Assignment

Critically analyse the relative merits of the Capital Asset Pricing Model and empirical approaches to Asset pricing (such as FAMA and French model) - Assignment Example The basic essence of the model is that it determines the amount of return that an investor is going to earn for putting their money at risk. It would be helpful to have a brief and basic idea about the concept of CAPM with the intention that the understanding of relative merits of it becomes easy. According to the model and ultimate derivation, it can be said that the return which an investor expects to earn by investing on a security or a portfolio is the rate on a risk-free security and a risk premium. The formula for this finding is written like: The basic concept behind the above model is that the investors are required to be compensated in two ways: risk and time value of money. The compensation for time value of money is represented by the risk-free rate which an investor earns by putting his money on investment over a period of time. The other part of the formula on the right hand side is a factor of risk and it determines the compensation the investors should get for taking an additional amount of risk. This amount is calculated by a risk measure (beta). There are certain implications of the model: According to Michailidis (2006), an examination of the emerging Greek Securities market was done based on the CAPM by considering weekly stock returns of 100 companies that were listed on the Athens Stock Exchange for the period 1998-2002. The findings of the test did not support the basic statement that higher risk (beta) means higher levels of return. However the model explains excess return and ultimately supports the linear structure of the CAPM equation (Michailidis & Et. Al., 2006). The model considers reality in explaining risk factor where it assumes only systematic risk associated with the investment options. The unsystematic risk can be removed since there are diversified options for investors and thus can be eliminated. CAPM derives a theoretical relationship between return and

The Strong Form of Efficient Market Hypothesis Essay

The Strong Form of Efficient Market Hypothesis - Essay Example This evaluation may seem too obvious to day, but prior to the efficient market hypothesis in the 1900s, it was not so self-evident. In recent times however, the Efficient Market Hypothesis is subject to critical re-examination and trial in the paradigms of financial market research (Russel and Torbey, 2001:27). Primary evidence shows that the initial confidence of the concept of Efficient Market Hypothesis is misplaced. According to observations, Efficient Market Hypothesis based financial equilibrium models do not depict the actual trading operations in the world. Indeed, numerous inconsistent results and anomalies require refinement of the current paradigms. This paper presents a critical analysis on the validity of Efficient Market Hypothesis strong form based on existing evidence. Within the realms of finance, Efficient Market Hypothesis reiterates that there is efficient information in financial markets, that assets traded in the financial markets such as bonds, property, or sto cks, reflect all the known and relevant information. In this regard therefore, there is no bias since the information present reflects the collective beliefs of involved investors concerning future expectations and prospects. The Effective Market Hypothesis states that in a financial market with effective information, it is impossible to outperform that market using known information, with the exception of lack (Palan, 2011:24). According to the hypothesis, news or information refers to anything capable of affecting the current market prices.

Free Time In Germany And Bangladesh Cultural Studies Essay

Free Time In Germany And Bangladesh Cultural Studies Essay Free time is the time when people have nothing specific to do, when they can dispose of their spare time at their own sweet will. Not only the people are free from work, they are with an unoccupied mind. The necessity for having a rest from work and worry cannot be too much stressed. Peoples life is usually bound by routine; free time affords an opportunity to escape out of the compulsions of routine and breathe the fresh air of freedom. Free time perhaps is the very essence of life. People dont live to create work but to enjoy free time. Free time as the most priceless thing a people can have. To them the only object of work is to obtain free time. I am going to compare and contrast free time in Germany and Bangladesh. Description: Focusing the two countries: In Germany people spend their free time watching soccer, they practice a lot of sport, passing their time with outdoor activities, otherwise, theyre busy with their pets (especially dogs), they spend the weekend visiting their relatives living in another city, they throw out barbecue parties, and they have spectacular brunch Sunday. They have 6 hour 34 minute free time in every 24 hour according to their national survey (OECD) In Bangladesh people dont have that much free time like the other Europeans countries. They usually spend their free time watching TV, visiting relatives house. Younger people plays cricket. Now days young people love internet a lot, they likes to go out with their friend. Most of the women usually stay home in their free time. Watching TV in free time: In Germany not many people watch TV on their free time. According to their national survey (OECD) only 28 percent people spend their free time by watching TV or listening radio. Because of German soccer league on TV the percentage goes bit higher otherwise I couldve been much lower. Another reason behind that they dont like to stay at home on their free time, in summer they like outdoor sport or traveling. In winter they love to spend their free time in coffee shop or bar or they go out for ice skating. [Ref: http://www.n24.de/news/newsitem_5027850.html] As for Bangladesh concern, watching TV is one of the best ways to spend free time. They havent done any national survey to say the percentage of it, but because Bangladesh is a Muslim country, woman doesnt go outside that often like German women. So the large number of Bangladeshi women spending their free time by watching TV. Its not only the woman, the man also like to watch TV especially live sports (cricket). It is the most popular sport in Bangladesh. So we can tell now, both country loves to see sports on TV in their free time. But they watch different kind of sport. Traditional free times: Germany people celebrated a large number of traditional festivals in big way. Christmas, Fasching, Easter, Oktoberfest and Love parade are some of their traditional festivals. This is also count as their free time. The biggest free time they have is summer holiday, school kids have more than month break. The people can take also a month break, because they can have one month break in whole year. And they usually take it in summer. They like to travel with their family. Christmas is also their favorite free time. The month of December they have lots of free time, this month they get extra bonus salary. They spend their free time in this month by shopping and they often go restaurant to eat. And this month consider fun in Germany. Everyone is happy; especially children have lots of fun. Bangladesh people have lots of fixed public holiday called New Years Day, International Mother Language Day, Independence Day, Bengali Solar New Year, Labor Day, National Mourning Day, National Revolution Day, Victory Day, Christmas Day .There are also lots of religious holiday, especially they have two big religious holiday which they consider the best free time. Although its Muslim fest, but because Bangladesh is a Muslim country they enjoy that time. This two religious holiday called Eid Al Adha and Eid Al Fitr. In this two occasions people goes for shopping. Its the happiest free time for Bangladeshi people. [Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Bangladesh] Both countries are different as religious point of view and cultural view. As for international holiday both countries people have same free time, but they spend it different way. Cultural and religious way they both have different holiday which they call free time. New Year celebration: The people in Germany celebrate New Year on the night of December 31st to January 1st. The people in Germany regard the New Year to be a major celebration. As a salute to the New Year celebrations the people in Germany light up fireworks. The New Year is called Neujahr and is observed as a public holiday in Germany. The customs in Germany play a significant role in the New Year celebrations. The New Year is a time to celebrate, enjoy and have fun. Its also their free time activities. [Ref: http://www.123newyear.com/newyear-customs/new-year-customs-germany.html] [Ref: http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/germany/new-year-day] Bengali New Year (Bengali Noboborsho) or (Pohela Boishakh) is the first day of the Bengali calendar, celebrated in Bangladesh. It coincides with the New Years Days of numerous Southern Asian calendars. Poila Boishakh connects all ethnic Bengalis irrespective of religious and regional differences. In Bangladesh, it is a national holiday celebrated around 14 April according to the official amended calendar designed by the Bangla Academy. They enjoy their free time in that day very much. [Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh] Free time in students view: In between study every students have their free time. German students love to attend their free time on sports. They like to play outdoor sports like soccer, ice skating, Basketball and indoor sports like Bowling, pool etc. In long holiday they love to go for study tour. They visit some other country university for attending two or three class. To improve their educational knowledge skills. This is really very nice things to do because students get opportunity to see the other country education system. Its a part of their education system, teacher also go with them. Bangladeshi students have also got study tour on their free time. They usually visit Historical places. Teachers also join them, to managing and telling them about the places. Bangladeshi students also go in coxs bazaar [largest sea beach in the world] sudorbon [largest mangrove forest in the world]. They have some national holiday called pohela boisakh, which is one of the biggest cultural fest they have. All the school, college, university arranged program for students where they celebrate. 21st February is international mother language day, Bangladesh celebrate this day more than any other country do, because of the blooded history behind of their mother language 1952. This day the whole country and the students doing lots of program to shown their love and respect to the Martyr. This is also their free time activities. One country fun differs in the other country: Oktoberfest is one of the popular fest in Germany. Its a part of German culture; its to drink bear (alcohol). German people often drink alcohol in their free time. Bar, pub, disco, night club its all part of spending free times for fun. They drink alcohol, if they have free time. Young people in Germany like to go in disco at night. Its obviously if they have free time. They have spectacular brunch Sunday; they enjoy it with their family. Weekend free time comes to end Sunday. Bangladesh is an Islamic country. Islamic law forbids the drinking of alcohol. Under Islamic law, drinking alcohol is classified as a serious or Hadd crime. Drinking in Bangladesh is also illegal. Although they have some bar where people can go to spend their free time and drinking. But it stills not that easiest like in Germany. In free time, drinking is normal in Germany. Its may be fun for them but its completely different case in Bangladesh. Conclusion: Bangladesh and Germany both country have some little things similar. Maximum way of spending free time is completely different. But the bottom line about free time in both the countries to occupied the time well, not to wasting it unnecessary. Because time as tide waits for none. And there are some ways, where German people find it as fun. But the same thing doesnt make any fun to Bangladeshi people. They find it unnecessary and against their religious thought. But still both have their own way to spending free times. And free times are all about relaxed from the stressful life. Because life is not only about work, its to live also. References Bibliographies: page viewed in date: 1st may 2011 http://www.holidayshub.com/holiday-traditions/german.html http://www.n24.de/news/newsitem_5027850.html http://www.bangladesh.com/national-holidays/ http://www.everyculture.com/A-Bo/Bangladesh.html http://www.howtogermany.com/pages/schoolholidays.html http://www.ehow.com/list_7372498_islamic-laws-foreign-businesswomen.html http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/bangladesh/SOCIETY.html http://www.123newyear.com/newyear-customs/new-year-customs-germany.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/germany/new-year-day http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Bangladesh

Brave New World - Society And Socio-economic Class :: essays research papers

Discuss how the society in Brave New World works to ensure that people do not change their socio-economic class. Through Brave New World, Huxley depicts a new, industrialized world, which is financially stable and has prevented poverty and self-destruction. Dictatorial governments are there to ensure stability and maintain perfection of the world. Therefore, just like under any other totalitarian government, social, mental and economic freedoms are abolished in order to retain social stability. The government eliminated these freedoms by censoring art and religion, by predestining peoples’ social caste prior their birth, and by controlling each individual’s life with the introduction of conditioning. At the beginning of the novel, the Director addresses his students and mentions, â€Å" We also predestine and condition. We decant our babies as socialized human beings, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewage workers or future Directors of Hatcheries,† (p. 29). Citizens of the World State are categorized into distinct social classes, before they come into existence. Mr. Foster explains, â€Å"The lower the caste, the shorter the oxygen,† and this shows how chemical conditioning of the embryos presets the mentality and physical features of individuals towards a certain standard specified by the government. (p. 29) In an autocratic society whose aim is to maintain perfection, people no longer have the right to choose who or what they want to be. The government engineers babies to grow into efficient adults, who will then again contribute towards a stabilized society. After birth babies’ minds are altered to accept the moral education of the government. Two processes the new world uses to control human judgement are the Neo-Pavlovian process and hypnopaedia. The children, during early childhood, are trained to like and dislike certain aspects of life, nature, and science so that they can consume the maximum resources. Beta babies receive electric shocks in the presence of flowers and books and then the Director teaches how, â€Å" They’ll grow up with what the psychologists †¦ call an ‘instinctive’ hatred of books and flowers †¦ they’ll be safe from books and botany all their lives," (p. 36). The conditioning of the children forms a barrier in their minds, so that they are never free to decide for themselves, but are always bounded by the instructions of the state. Thus, the government is achieving its goal, the maintenance of stability. The Alpha students also got a chance to hear one of the hypnopaedic repetitions addressing Beta babies which echoed, â€Å" Alpha children wear grey.

Collision Theory Essay

I have been asked to investigate the effects different factors such as concentration and temperature have on the rate of reaction The rate of reaction is the loss rate of a reactant or the rate of creation of a product during a chemical reaction and it can be measured by dividing one by the time taken for the reaction be completed. Collision Theory states that an increase in concentration, temperature, surface area and the use of a catalyst in a reaction will either increase the rate of reaction by increasing the rate of collision between reactant particles, increase the success rate of collisions between the reactants or both of these reactions, there is also another factor which effects the rate of reaction, but is only applicable in gasses, that factor being pressure. I have chosen to investigate the effects of Concentration on rate of reaction, as it is the most accurately achievable while still challenging factor to change. Method: Equipment- 1x conical flask 2x 50ml measuring cylinder 1x 10ml measuring cylinder 1x pipette Sodium Thiosulphate Hydrochloric acid Water Stop clock Safety goggles Plain paper with a black cross on it. Add 10ml of HCL to a conical flask, by All procedures will be undertaken with safety goggles on. After assembling all of the equipment I will pour as close to 10 ml of hydrochloric acid into the 10 ml measuring cylinder, using the pipette to get the amount as close as reasonably possible, I will when doing this take into account surface tension and hence fill so the actual amount in the measuring cylinder is at 10ml not a little under as it may appear. I will then add (starting with 50ml descending in steps of 5ml to 20ml) sodium thiosulphate to the 50ml measuring cylinder. Following this I will add (starting with 0ml rising to 30ml in steps of five, in such a manner that the total volume of water combined with sodium thiosulphate Is always at 50ml) water to the second 50ml measuring cylinder. I will then add the two 50ml measuring cylinders contents into the cylinder containing the sodium thiosulphate, leave the cylinder for 10 seconds for the liquids to mix together (after swirling gently 10 times) before emptying the hydrochloric acid into the conical flask, followed by the mixture of sodium thiosulphate and water. The conical flask will be left on top of the piece of paper for the addition of the latter and when the second liquid is poured into the conical flask the stop clock will be started, I will then proceed to watch the view the black cross on the piece of paper bellow the conical flask until the point I can no longer see the black cross, at which instance I will stop the stop clock and record the time taken on a table along with the volumes of liquids used, I will also take the temperature at the time to make sure if there is any major discrepancy caused by the temperature I will know that this is the case and will be able to identify and explain these results.

Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 31~32

CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE Booty and the Beasts The second time Amy came out of the bedroom, she was dressed in her familiar hiking shorts, flip-flops, and a WHALES ARE OUR PALS T-shirt. â€Å"Better?† â€Å"I don't feel any better, if that's what you're asking.† Nate sat at the table with a can of grapefruit juice and a pint of vodka in front of him. â€Å"I mean, are you more comfortable now that I'm dressed? Because I can be naked again in a flash –  » â€Å"You want a drink?† Nate needed to forget the whole naked encounter as quickly as possible. Applying alcohol seemed like the most efficient method at this point. â€Å"Sure,† she said. She pulled a glass out of one of the kitchen cubbies, the clear door folding back like the protective cover of a frog's eye. â€Å"You want a glass?† Nate had been sipping alternately from the juice can and the vodka bottle until he had enough room in the can to pour in some vodka. â€Å"Yeah. I don't like reaching into the cupboards.† â€Å"You're kind of squeamish for a biologist, but I guess it does take some getting used to.† Amy set the glasses in front of him and let him mix the drinks. There was no ice. â€Å"You adjust.† â€Å"You seem to have adjusted. When did they take you? You must have been really young.† â€Å"Me? No, I was born here. I've always been here. That's why I was perfect to work for you guys. The Colonel has been teaching me cetacean biology for years.† It occurred to Nate that he had seen a few human children around and hadn't really thought about growing up in Gooville. Someone had to teach them. Why not the infamous Colonel? â€Å"I should have known. When you were trying to locate the whale by listening for it that last day. I should have known.† â€Å"Correction, when I did locate the whale by listening for it, for which you still owe me dinner.† â€Å"I think this is one of those all-bets-are-off situations, Amy. You were a spy.† â€Å"Nate, before you get too angry, you need to remember the alternative to my spying and finding out what you were working on in detail. That would have been to just kill you. It would have been much easier.† â€Å"You and Ryder act like you did me a favor. Like you saved me from some great danger. The only danger I was in was from you in the first place. So stop trying to impress me with the quality of your mercy. You did it all – tore up the lab, sank Clay's boat, all of it – didn't you?† â€Å"No, not directly. Poynter and Poe tore up the lab. The whaley boys sank Clay's boat. I took the negatives out of the packet at the photo lab. I kept them informed, and I made sure you were where they needed you to be, that's all. I never wanted to hurt you, Nate. Never.† â€Å"I wish I could believe that. Then you show up here like that, trying to convince me that this is a great place to live right after Ryder has given me the speech.† He drained his glass, poured himself another drink, this one with just a splash of grapefruit juice over the top. â€Å"What are you talking about? I haven't seen Ryder since I've been back. I just got in a few hours ago.† â€Å"Well, then it's always been a part of the plan: Let Amy lure the biologist into staying.† â€Å"Nate, look at me.† She took his chin in her hand and looked him right in the eye. â€Å"I came here of my own free will, without any instructions from Ryder or anyone else. In fact, no one knows where I am, except maybe the Goo – you can never be sure about that. I came here to see you, with all the masks and the role-playing out of the way.† Nate pulled away from her. â€Å"And you didn't think I'd be mad? And what was with the whole ‘Look how luscious I am' act?† She looked down. Hurt, Nate thought. Or acting hurt. If she cried, it wouldn't matter. He'd be useless. â€Å"I knew you'd be mad, but I thought you might be able to get over it. I was just trying to be floozish. I'm sorry if I'm not very good at it. It's not a skill you get to use a lot in an undersea city. Truth be told, the dating pool is sort of shallow here in Gooville. I was just trying to be sexy. I never said I was a good floozy.† Nate reached over and patted her hand. â€Å"No, you're a fine floozy. That's not what I was saying. I wasn't questioning your†¦ uh, floozishness. I was just questioning its sincerity.† â€Å"Well, it's sincere. I really do like you. I really did come here to see you, to be with you.† â€Å"Really?† What was the biological analog for this? A black widow spider male falling for one of her lines, knowing innately where it was going. Knowing right down to his very DNA that she was going to kill and eat him right after they mated, but he would worry about after. So time and again Mr. Black Widow passed his dumb-ass, sex-enslaved genes on to the next generation of dumb-ass, sex-enslaved males who would fall for the same trick. Spinning a little conversation: Interesting name, Black Widow. How'd you come about that? Tell me all about yourself. Me? Nah, I'm a simple guy. I'm doomed by my male nature to follow my little spider libido into oblivion. Let's talk about you. Love the red hourglass on your butt. â€Å"Really,† Amy said. There were tears welling in her eyes, and she lifted his hand to her lips and kissed it gently. â€Å"Amy, I don't want to stay here. I'm not – I want – I'm too old for you, even if you weren't a lying, destructive, evil – ; â€Å"Okay.† She held his hand to her cheek. â€Å"What do you mean, ‘okay'?† â€Å"You don't have to stay. But can I stay with you tonight?† He pulled his hand back from her, but she held his gaze. â€Å"I need to be way more drunk for this,† he said. â€Å"Me, too.† She went over to the scary fridge thing. â€Å"Do you have more vodka?† â€Å"There's another bottle over there in that thing – that other thing that I'm afraid of.† He caught himself watching her bottom while she found the bottle. â€Å"You said ‘okay. You mean you know a way out?† â€Å"Shut up and drink. You gonna drink or you gonna talk?† â€Å"This isn't healthy,† Nate observed. â€Å"Thank you, Dr. Insight,† Amy said. â€Å"Pour me one.† â€Å"Nice red hourglass.† â€Å"What?† Back at his bungalow at Papa Lani, Clay sat on the bed with his head in his hands while Clair rubbed the knots out of his shoulders. He'd told her the Old Broad's story, and she'd listened quietly, asking a few questions as he went along. â€Å"So do you believe her?† Clair asked. â€Å"I don't even know what I'm admitting to believing. But I believe she thinks she's telling the truth. She offered us a boat, Clair. A ship. She offered to buy us a research vessel, hire a crew, pay them.† â€Å"What for?† â€Å"To find Nate and her husband, James.† â€Å"I thought she was broke.† â€Å"She's not broke. She's loaded. I mean, the ship will be a used one, but it's a ship. It will still run in the millions. She wants me to find one – and a crew.† â€Å"And could you find Nate if you had a ship?† â€Å"Where do I look? She thinks he's on an island somewhere, some secret place where these things live. Hell, if she's telling the truth, they could be from outer space. If she's not†¦ well, I can't just run a ship around the world stopping at islands and asking them if they happen to have seen people crawling out of a whale's butt.† â€Å"Technically, baby, whales don't have butts. You have to walk upright to have booty. This is why we are the dominant species on the planet, because we have booty.† â€Å"You know what I mean.† â€Å"It's an important point.† She slid into his lap, her arms around his neck. Clay smiled despite his anxiety. â€Å"Technically, man is not the dominant species. There's at least a thousand pounds of termites for every person on earth.† â€Å"Well, you can have my termites, thanks.† â€Å"So man isn't really dominant, whether it's brains or booty.† â€Å"Baby, I wasn't saying that man was the dominant species, I was saying that we are the dominant species. Wo-man.† â€Å"Because you have booty?† She wiggled on his lap by way of an answer, then leaned her forehead against his, looked in his eyes. â€Å"Good point,† Clay said. â€Å"What about this ship? You going to let the Old Broad buy it for you? You going to go look for Nate?† â€Å"Where do I start?† â€Å"Follow one of these signals. Find whatever is making it and follow them.† â€Å"We'd need location for that.† â€Å"How do you do that?† â€Å"We'd need to have someone working the old sonar grid the navy put down all over the oceans during the Cold War to track submarines. I know people at Newport who do it, but we'd have to tell them what we're doing.† â€Å"You couldn't just say you were trying to find a certain whale?† â€Å"I suppose we could.† â€Å"And if you have your ship and that information, you can follow the whale, or the ship, or whatever it is to its source.† â€Å"My ship?† â€Å"Roll over, I'll rub your back.† But Clay wasn't moving. He was thinking. â€Å"I still don't know where to start.† â€Å"Who has the booty? Turn over, Captain.† Clay slipped off his aloha shirt and rolled over onto his stomach. â€Å"My ship,† he said. Nate was suddenly cold, and when he opened his eyes, he was pretty sure that his head was going to explode. â€Å"I'm pretty sure my head is going to explode,† he said. And someone rudely jostled his bed. â€Å"Come on, party animal, the Colonel sent for you. We need to go.† He peeked between the fingers he was using to hold the pieces of his head together and saw the menacing but amused face of Cielle Nuà ±ez. It wasn't what – who – he expected, and he did a quick sweep of the bed with one leg to confirm that he was alone. â€Å"I drank,† Nate said. â€Å"I saw the bottles on the table. You drank a lot.† â€Å"I didn't get a knob so just anyone could use it anytime they want.† â€Å"I noticed your knob. It looks out of place.† About that time Nate realized that he was naked, and Nuà ±ez was standing over his naked body, and he was going to have to let the pieces of his head go where they may if he was going to cover himself. He felt for a sheet, pulled it up as he sat up and threw his legs off the bed. â€Å"I'm going to need a moment.† â€Å"Hurry.† â€Å"I have to pee.† â€Å"That will be fine.† â€Å"And throw up.† â€Å"Also fine.† â€Å"Okay. You go away now.† â€Å"Brush your teeth.† And she left the room. Nate looked around the room for signs of Amy, but there were none. He didn't remember where her clothes were, but the last time he'd seen them, he was pretty sure they weren't on her. He stumbled into the bathroom and looked into the basin, mother of pearl with its little siphon fixtures and the green sphincter drain. Seeing that pretty much did it for him, and he heaved into the sink. â€Å"Hi,† Amy said, poking her head out of the retracting shower door. Nate tried to say something – something about trapdoor spiders, in keeping with an arachnid theme he was developing with regard to Amy – but it came out more bubbly and moist than he intended. â€Å"You go ahead,† Amy said. â€Å"I'll be in here.† And the door clicked shut like a frightened clam. When Nate had finished reviewing the contents of his stomach, he rinsed his face and the sink, emptied his bladder into the thing on which he would not sit, then leaned against the sink and moaned for a second while he gathered his thoughts. A head popped out of the shower. â€Å"So, that went well.† â€Å"The water's not running.† â€Å"I'm not showering, I'm hiding. I didn't want Nuà ±ez to see me. The Colonel shouldn't know I've been here. I'll leave after you go. Brush your teeth.† And then she was back in her shell. He brushed, rinsed, repeated, then said, â€Å"Okay.† Out she came, grabbed him by the hair, kissed him hard. â€Å"Nice night,† she said. The shower clicked shut, Amy inside. â€Å"I'm too old for this.† â€Å"Yeah, I was going to talk to you about that. Not now, later. Go. She's waiting.† CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO The Replicator Versus the Imitator Nuà ±ez bought him a large cup of coffee at a cafe where whaley boys stood around pouring down lattes the size of fire extinguishers and exchanging clicks and whistles at an irritating volume. â€Å"If ever there was a creature that didn't need caffeine,† Nate said. Nuà ±ez kept him moving, while he kept trying to stop to lean on things. â€Å"Don't ever drink with them,† Nuà ±ez said. â€Å"Especially the males. You know their sense of humor. You're as likely as not to get a wet willy in the ear, and it's a real wet willy.† â€Å"I may have to hurl again.† â€Å"Don't destroy yourself out of spite, Nate. Just accept things how they are.† He wasn't trying to destroy himself, and he wasn't spiteful. He was just confused, hungover, and kind of in love, or something remotely like love, except that the pain was more localized in his temples rather than being the overall, life-ruining pain it usually caused him. â€Å"Can we stop in at the Lollipop Guild and get a couple aspirins?† â€Å"You're late already.† In the corridors she handed him off to a pair of killer whaley boys. â€Å"You should be honored, you know?† Nuà ±ez said. â€Å"He doesn't meet with many people.† â€Å"You can take my appointment if you want.† The Colonel had a goo recliner waiting for him when he walked through the iris door. Nate sat in it and held his coffee cup like a security blanket against his chest. â€Å"Well, can you see now that life wouldn't be so bad here?† Nate's mind raced. Amy said the Colonel didn't know, but maybe the Goo knew, but the Colonel was tapped in to the Goo, so did he know? Or had he sent her in the first place and this was all a scam, just like when he'd sent her to Hawaii to spy on him? She'd fooled him for a month there, why couldn't she be fooling him now? He wanted to trust her. But what was Ryder getting at? â€Å"What's different, Growl? When I saw you nine hours ago, I was a prisoner, and I'm a prisoner now.† Ryder seemed surprised. He wiped the lock of gray hair out of his eyes furiously, as if it had caused him to make some sort of mistake. â€Å"Right, nine hours. So you've had some time to think.† He didn't sound sure. â€Å"I got drunk and passed out. In the clear, lightning-bug light of day, Colonel, I still want to go home.† â€Å"You know, time† – Ryder patted the living chair he was sitting in as if he were petting a dog, sending waves of blush through the pink Goo outward from where he touched. Nate shivered at the sight of it – â€Å"time is different down here, it's†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Relative?† Nate offered. â€Å"It's on a different scale.† â€Å"What do you want from me, Colonel? What can I possibly offer you that I get the special treatment of being spared and granted multiple audiences with the†¦ the grand pooh-bah?† Nate was going to say â€Å"with the alpha whacko,† but he thought of Amy and realized that something had changed. He no longer felt like he had nothing to lose. Rider swiped at his hair and clutched at the flesh of his chair with the other hand. He began rocking slightly. â€Å"I want someone to tell me I'm thinking clearly, I guess. I dream things that the Goo knows, and I think it knows things that I dream, but I'm not sure. I'm overwhelmed.† â€Å"You might have thought about that before you declared yourself wizard.† â€Å"You think I chose this? I didn't choose this, Nate. The Goo chose me. I don't know how many people have been brought down here over the years, but I was the first biologist. I was the first one who had some idea how the Goo worked. It had the whaley boys bring me to a place like this, where there was raw, unformed animal, and it never let me leave. I've tried to make things better for people in Gooville, but – † Ryder's eyes rolled up in his head as if he were starting to have a seizure, but then he was back again. â€Å"Did you see the electricity on the whale ships? I did that. But it's not – It's different now than it has been.† Nate suddenly felt bad for the older man. Ryder was behaving like an early Alzheimer's patient who is realizing that he's losing recognition of his grandchildren's faces. â€Å"Tell me,† Nate said. Ryder nodded, swallowed hard, pressed on – hardly the picture of the powerful leader he'd appeared the night before. â€Å"I think that after the Goo found its safe haven here under the sea, it needed to have more information, more DNA sequences to make sure it could protect itself. It produced a minute bacterium that could spread throughout the oceans, be part of the great world ecosystem but could pass genetic information back to the source. We call the bacteria SAR-11. It's a thousand times smaller than normal bacteria, but it's in every liter of seawater on the planet. That worked fine to transmit information back to the Goo for three billion years – everything that could be known was in the sea. Then something happened.† â€Å"Animals left the water?† â€Å"Exactly. Until then, everything there was to know – every piece of information that could be known – was transmitted through DNA, replicators, in creatures that lived in the seas. The Goo knew everything. Mind you, it might take a million years to learn how to make an arthropod's segmented shell. It might take two million years to learn to make a gill or, say, twenty million to make an eye, but it had its safe niche, so it had the time – it didn't have anywhere it needed to be. Evolution doesn't really have a destination. It's just dicking around with possibilities. The Goo is the same way. But when life left the water, the Goo got a blind spot.† â€Å"I'm having a little trouble seeing the immediacy of your story, Colonel. I mean, why, beyond the obvious that I'm sitting inside this thing, is this supposed to be urgent?† â€Å"Because four hundred million years later, the land creatures came back into the water – sophisticated land animals.† â€Å"Early whales?† â€Å"Yes, when mammals came back to the sea, they brought something that even the dinosaurs – the reptiles and amphibians that had come back to the water – didn't have. Something the Goo didn't know. Knowledge that didn't replicate itself through DNA. It replicated through imitation, learned knowledge, not passed on. Memes.† Nate knew about memes, the information equivalent of a gene. A gene existed to replicate itself and required a vehicle, an organism, in which to do it. It was the same with memes, except a meme could replicate itself across vehicles, across brains. A tune you couldn't get out of your head, a recipe, a bad joke, the Mona Lisa – all were memes of sort. They were a fun model to think about, and computers had made the idea of a self-replicating piece of information more manifest with computer viruses, but what did that have to do with – But then it hit him. Why he'd learned about memes in the first place. â€Å"The song,† Nate said. â€Å"Humpback song is a meme.† â€Å"Of course. The first culture, the first exposure the Goo had to something it didn't understand. What, maybe fifteen million years ago it found out it wasn't the only game in town. Three billion years is a long time to get used to living in what you think is your private house only to suddenly find out that someone moved into an apartment above you while you were sleeping. â€Å"For a long time the Goo didn't perceive that genes and memes were at odds. Whales were the first carriers. Big brains because they need to imitate complex behaviors, remember complex tasks, and because they could get the high-protein food to build the brains the memes needed. But the Goo came to terms with the whales. They're an elegant mix of genes and memes, absolute kings of their realm. Huge, efficient feeders, immune from any predation except from each other. â€Å"But then something started killing whales. Killing them in alarming numbers. And it was something from the surface world. It wasn't something the Goo could find out about from its ocean-borne nervous system, so that's when I think it created the whale ships, or a version of them. Late seventeen or early eighteen hundreds, I'd guess. Then, I think when it had somehow gotten back enough samples of human DNA, it made the whaley boys. To stay camouflaged but to watch, to bring people back here so it could learn, watch us. I may have been the final link that started the war.† â€Å"What war? There's a war?† Nate had a quick vision of the paranoid megalomaniacs that the Colonel said he'd considered for pseudonyms, Captain Nemo and Colonel Kurtz, both complete bedbugs. â€Å"The war between memes and genes. Between an organism that specializes in the replication of gene machines – the Goo – and one that specializes in the replication of meme machines – us, human beings. I brought electrical and computer technology here. I brought the Goo the theoretical knowledge of memes and genes and how they work. Where the Goo is now and where it was before I came is the difference between being able to drive one and being able to build a car from lumps of raw steel. It's realizing the threat. It's going to figure it out.† Ryder looked at Nate expectantly. Nate looked at him as if he wasn't getting the point. When he'd studied under Ryder, the man had been so cogent, so clear. Grumpy, but clear. â€Å"Okay,† Nate said slowly, hoping Ryder would jump in, â€Å"so you need me to†¦ uh†¦?† â€Å"Help me figure out a way to kill it.† â€Å"Didn't see that coming.† â€Å"We're at war with the Goo, and we have to find a way to kill it before it knows what's happening.† â€Å"Then don't you think you should keep your voice down?† â€Å"No, it doesn't communicate that way.† The Colonel looked perturbed at Nate's comment. â€Å"So you want me to figure out how to kill your god? â€Å"Yes, before it wipes out the human race in one fell swoop.† â€Å"Which would be bad.† â€Å"And we have to kill it without killing everyone in Gooville.† â€Å"Oh, we can do that,† Nate said, completely confident, the way he'd seen hostage negotiators in cop movies tell the bank robbers that their demands were being met and the helicopter was on the way. â€Å"But I'm going to need some time.† The strangest thing was, as Nate left the Colonel's chamber after being in direct contact with the Goo for only a few minutes, his hangover was completely gone.